According to Helen Fisher, Anthropologist, Rutger University U.S.A., marriage and partnership is a human survival. A woman 3-4 million years ago would carry her infant in her arm and defend herself with the other became difficult to do alone and collect food to eat. For a woman it became essential to have a mate. A man could give his time and energy to one female and so it became suitable for a male.

Marriage was Christianized to limit sexual freedom, mostly for men (Sabine Da Costa, Author, France).

After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe was found to practice polygamous marriage, remarriage, and divorce amongst the kings (Peter Lovell, Anthropologist, Univ. of New Brunswick Canada). He adds that in 400 A.D., Church set limits by lowering the amount of heirs to increase their chances of enormous fortunes.   In the 9th Century a Christianized marriage became impossible to divorce, according to documentary DVD on Marriage from Films for the Humanities & Sciences. Henry VIII of England had 6 wives and wanted more heirs. He was denied divorce and the church wanted to ex-communicate him, but in 1531 he forced Parliament to declare him King, Supreme Head of the Church & Clergy of England. Then he made all decisions. England broke with the church and some Protestant churches were allowing divorce. In 1563 the Church confirmed marriage as a sacrament and divorce was not an option. The civil authority made a mark after the French Revolution, and proclaimed the Principle of Civil Marriage in 1791 and the Principle of Divorce in 1792.   It was easy divorce. In the first quarter of 1793, the number of divorces equaled the number of marriages. Couples would divorce after their first fight. Divorce happened 8 days later after their wedding (Da Costa).   Napoleon ended the flooding divorces and only allowed it if there was cruelty, conviction, or adultery. The Napoleon code is still used today. In December 1809, Napoleon repudiated his wife Josephine to marry Marie Louise and she gave him 1 son. When his Empire collapsed, he was exiled a few years later. His son died at 20 years old without mounting the throne (documentary DVD on Marriage from Films for the Humanities & Sciences).   The Church & Civil Authority has fought forever and now works together. The church sanctifies the marriage, and the civil authority gives legal rights and justice to marriage (documentary DVD on Marriage from Films for the Humanities & Sciences).